what to know: GI issues in dogs and cats

Whether it’s the occasional accident on the living room floor, a midnight heaving session, or something more serious, tummy troubles are common with our furry friends. We’ll go through signs your pet is having a stomach issue and how you can partner with your vet to help. If you’re more of a visual learner or just want the quick facts, check out our video below.  

How do you know if your dog has a stomach problem? What about your cat? 

Common signs of stomach problems in dogs and cats are decreased appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Other (perhaps less obvious) signs your pet’s tummy isn’t feeling so great include: 

• Weight loss 
• Enlarged abdomen 
• Lethargy 
• Bad breath 
• Gas 
• Eating poop or grass 
• Lackluster coat 
• Worms in their stool 
• Bloody stool 

What causes stomach issues? 

There are lots (and lots) of things that can cause stomach issues in dogs and cats. Some of the most common causes are extra treats, table food, or a new diet. But stomach issues can also be caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses your pet picks up from exploring the world.  

How your vet will diagnose a stomach issue 

If your pet is struggling with a probable stomach issue, the best thing to do is take them to the vet, who will do a physical exam along with assessing your pet’s medical history and current symptoms. 

With so many possible causes for upset tummies, your vet will want to make sure that treatment addresses the right one. Depending on the specifics and severity of your pet’s problem, your vet might conduct fecal testing, draw blood, or take X-rays. 

How to treat a dog with stomach issues?  

Your pet’s treatment will be based on what’s found in the physical exam and diagnostic tests. Treatment might include anything from antibiotics, anti-parasite medications, or medications that prevent nausea, to IV fluids, hospitalization, and in some cases, surgery. 

Your vet may even refer your pet to a specialist for more intensive, advanced, or overnight care. 

Quick tips on avoiding stomach problems 

Unfortunately, you can’t always see what your pet gets into, but there are a few things you can do to help protect against stomach issues.  

• Always give your pet access to clean water. 
• Don't feed your pet people food. 
• Make sure toxic foods and plants are kept far away from your pet.  
• Stay up to date with your pet’s vaccinations and parasite prevention. 
• Be consistent with your pet's food — don't change brands or types once you find something they do well with. 
• Avoid letting your pet drink from streams, lakes, or ponds. 
• Clean your pet’s food and water bowls regularly.  
• Keep garbage cans and food scraps out of your pet’s reach.